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Duncan MacDougall (doctor)
Dr. Duncan "Om" MacDougall (c. 1866 – October 15, 1920) was an early 20th-century physician in Haverhill, Massachusetts who sought to measure the mass lost by a human when the soul departed the body at death. MacDougall attempted to measure the mass change of six patients at the moment of death. His first subject, the results from which MacDougall felt were most accurate, lost "three-fourths of an ounce", which has since been popularized as "21 grams".〔Kruszelnicki, Karl. (2006). ''Great Mythconceptions: The Science Behind the Myths''. Andrews McMeel Publishing. pp. 200-202. ISBN 978-0-7407-5364-0〕
==Ideas about the 'soul'==
In 1901, MacDougall weighed six patients while they were in the process of dying from tuberculosis in an old age home. It was relatively easy to determine when death was only a few hours away, at which point the entire bed was placed on an industrial sized scale which was reported to be sensitive to "two-tenths of an ounce". He took his results (a varying amount of unaccounted for mass loss in four of the six cases) to support his hypothesis that the 'soul' had mass, and when the 'soul' departed the body, so did this mass. The determination of the 'soul' weighing 21 grams was based on the loss of mass in the first subject at the moment of death.
MacDougall later measured fifteen dogs in similar circumstances and reported the results as "uniformly negative," with no perceived change in mass. He took these results as confirmation that the 'soul' had weight, and that dogs did not have 'souls'. MacDougall's complaints about not being able to find dogs dying of the natural causes that would have been ideal led one author to conjecture that he was in fact sacrificing the experimental animals, as is standard practice in scientific experiments.〔
〕 On March 10, 1907, before MacDougall was able to publish the results of his experiments, ''New York Times'' broke the story in an article titled "Soul has Weight, Physician Thinks". MacDougall's results were published in April of the same year in the ''Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research'' and the medical journal ''American Medicine''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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